INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
- Communication means expressing ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
- It is a process of social interaction through messages.
- It helps people share information and understand each other.
- A society cannot function or survive without communication.
REASONS WHY WE COMMUNICATE
- To express our thoughts clearly.
- To share our feelings and emotions.
- To understand others better.
- To solve problems and avoid misunderstandings.
- To build relationships and cooperate with people.
- To exchange information in daily life situations.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
- Through our senses
- We receive information using sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.
- Non-verbal communication
- Includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, and eye contact.
- Helps express emotions without speaking.
- Verbal communication
- Communication through spoken words.
- Includes conversations, discussions, and speeches.
- Written communication
- Communication through written words.
- Examples: letters, emails, messages, reports, books.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
- Formal communication
- Informal communication
- Oral communication
- Written communication
- Visual communication
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- Sender
- Message
- Medium/Channel
- Receiver
- Feedback
- Noise (barriers)
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
- Language barriers
- Physical barriers (distance, noise)
- Psychological barriers (fear, emotions)
- Cultural barriers
- Lack of clarity or understanding
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
- Helps in sharing knowledge
- Improves relationships
- Supports teamwork and coordination
- Essential in education and business
- Helps in decision making
SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
- Listening skills
- Speaking skills
- Writing skills
- Body language awareness
- Clarity and confidence
MODERN METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
- Mobile phones
- Emails
- Social media
- Video conferencing
- Messaging apps
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD COMMUNICATION
- Clear and simple
- Accurate
- Complete
- Time-bound
- Two-way process
If you are preparing for NIOS exams, this study material will help you score better marks by focusing on important definitions, key points, and frequently asked questions. It is ideal for last-minute revision and strengthening your basic understanding of the topic.
Question and Answers - Mass communication
1. Describe the functions of Mass Communication.
- Inform
- Educate
- Entertainment
Newspapers
Newspapers are printed material used fordelivering information of public interest, advertisements, and views. Thesemay be issued daily, weekly, or on any regular interval basis. JournalismJournalism involves the process of collecting information and communicating it. It also involvesthe selection, and printing information of events, ideas, etc.
3. Which medium of communication is suitable to communicate with a large number of people?
Newspapers are the first medium used to communicate with a large number of people.
4. Write a short note on the origin of ‘Paper’. The word ‘paper’ is derived from the plant name.
Papyrus, which grows on the banks of the River Nile in Egypt.
5. Elaborate three functions of Mass Communication in your words.
• Information - Consider some examples on TV, radio, or in any newspaper ( A new president is elected). They provide us information about the event.
• Education - A doctor speaks about a disease in a TV program or in radio. So the people who are watching are being educated.
• Entertainment - Tv serials, reality shows, movies, music programs come under entertainment.
6. List any three forms of Mass Media and elaborate any one of your choices.
• Newspapers
• Radio
• Television
• Films
• New media
• Traditional mediaNew media - It involves technology. The messages are reached to a large number of people. It is an interactive medium. Eg: Mobile phones, internet, etc.
7. Describe in brief the History of Printing.
Chinese were the first to discover printing.
Wooden blocks were used for printing. Johannes Gutenberg of Germany was the first person to invent the printing press.
8. Write a note on Traditional Media with suitable examples.
The non electronic mediums (voca,verbal,visual folk art, etc) which works as part of our culture which are transmitted to people from one generation to another generation is called traditional media. Eg: Drama, puppetry, etc.
Information - Consider some examples on TV, radio, or in any newspaper ( A new president is elected). They provide us information about the event.
Education - A doctor speaks about a disease in a TV program or in radio. So the people who are watching are being educated.
Entertainment - Tv serials, reality shows, movies, music programs come under entertainment.
Newspapers
Radio
Television
Films
New media
Traditional media
QUESTION AND ANSWERS - II
1. Elaborate that how early human beings express their feelings.
Earlier, man could not speak as we do today. They expressed their feelings and experiences without using any words. They used facial expressions and the use of hand movements to communicate. Later, the language (letters, words, sentences) developed. People used words to speak to others and communicate their thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
- Speaking
- Writing
4. Differentiate between Verbal and Non-Verbal communication and give suitable examples
Verbal communication Communication with words Eg: Speech, group discussions, etc uses verbal communication.
Non verbal communication Communication without words. Eg: Facial expressions, gestures, etc..
5. Suggest the advantages of Written Communication over Oral Communication.
- Written communication gives words and thoughts permanence.
- Knowledge and information became available to people who could read.
- It led to the spread of ideas.
Situations of Formal Communication.
Participating in meetings or conferences Job interviews
Situations of Informal Communication.
Private discussions with friends or family members Corridor discussions Conversation in canteens or restaurants.
Question and answers - III
1. Explain the importance of Media as the fourth institution of democracy.
Mass media serves as a link between people and the government. Therefore media is considered to be the fourth institution of democracy.
2. Elaborate on the functions of Government Media agencies.
The government media agencies provide information about the policies and programmes of the government. They come under the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
3. Describe the negative effects of Mass Media.
Traditional culture has been affected.
Mass media promotes violence in cinemas bring negative effects on students and children.
Promotes advertisements to buy products which are not essential for them.
4. Write the importance of Media Ethics.
Accuracy
Confidentiality
Protection of sources
Right to privacy
5. Explain the importance of Accuracy in Media Ethics.
The information given by the media should be accurate.
Eg: If only 25 people died in an accident, the media should not figure out it as 50 or 100.
6. Describe the role of Mass Media making the world smaller and closer.
Consider an example, if you are watching a cricket match between India and with some other country on a Television you feel that you are one of the members in the crowd of the stadium. The Internet has brought people and countries much closer.
7. Describe the positive effects of Mass Media.
The media provides news and useful information to the people.
It can educate people.
Promote trade through ads.
It can entertain the public.